Suchergebnisse

El articulo propone un analisis de la experiencia desarrollada por el Centro Latinoamericano de Economia Humana, Montevideo, como ONG en el campo de las politicas sociales. Plantea la necesidad de impulsar un proceso orientado a crear organizaciones locales integradas a un sistema nacional de salud, destacando la importancia de la participacion, en particular de los grupos organizados de la comunidad, para alcanzar la solucion a los problemas de salud y a la vez contribuir al fortalecimiento de la sociedad civil y de la democracia

El presente texto cuestiona la creencia de que los habitantes de Huáncito, pequeño pueblo localizado en "la cañada de los once pueblos", al noroeste de Michoacán, México, son personas sucias o carentes de conciencia ambiental. Se argumenta que la basura del pueblo es reflejo de la articulación económico y social que genera el ensamble moderno de eso que se denomina ambiente urbano y rural. Contra la idea general de que son las costumbres de los pobladores las causantes del problema incontrolable de basura la cuestión se plantea con la siguiente interrogante: ¿En qué momento la basura se convierte en problema para un pueblo indígena marginado?

We study stationary entanglement between three harmonic oscillators which are dipole coupled to a one-dimensional or a three-dimensional bosonic environment. The analysis of the open-system dynamics is performed with generalized quantum Langevin equations which we solve exactly in a Fourier representation. The focus lies on Gaussian bipartite and tripartite entanglement induced by the highly non-Markovian interaction mediated by the environment. This environment-induced interaction represents an effective many-party interaction with a spatial long-range feature: A main finding is that the presence of a passive oscillator is detrimental for stationary two-mode entanglement. Furthermore, our results indicate that the environment-induced entanglement mechanism corresponds to uncontrolled feedback which is predominantly coherent at low temperatures and for moderate oscillator- environment coupling as compared to the oscillator frequency. ; This project was funded by the Spanish MICINN (Grants No. FIS2010-19998 and No. MAT2011-24331) and by the European Union (FEDER). A.A.V. acknowledges financial support by the Government of the Canary Islands through an ACIISI fellowship (85% cofinanced by the European Social Fund). ; Peer reviewed

El programa Next Generation EU potenciará el crecimiento potencial, contribuirá a reducir las brechas entre economías y ayudará a mitigar, temporalmente, dos carencias del encaje institucional europeo (falta de elementos fiscales estabilizadores supranacionales y escasez de activos seguros). No obstante, su efecto final es incierto, y dependerá, crucialmente, de la capacidad de asignar e implementar de manera transparente y eficiente los proyectos.

AbstractChildren essentialize gender from a young age, viewing it as inborn, biologically based, unchanging, and predictive of preferences and behaviors. Children's gender essentialism appears to be so pervasive that it is found within conservative and liberal communities, and among transgender and cisgender children. However, it remains unclear what aspect of gender the children participating in past studies essentialized. Such studies used labels such as "girl" or "boy" without clarifying how children (or researchers) interpreted them. Are they indicators of the target's biological categorization at birth (sex), the target's sense of their own gender (gender identity), or some third possible interpretation? This distinction becomes particularly relevant when transgender children are concerned, as their sex assigned at birth and gender identity are not aligned. In the present two studies, we discovered that 6‐ to 11‐year‐old transgender children, their cisgender siblings, and unrelated cisgender children, all essentialized both sex and gender identity. Moreover, transgender and cisgender children did not differ in their essentialism of sex (i.e., whether body parts would remain stable over time). Importantly, however, transgender children were less likely than unrelated cisgender children to essentialize when hearing an ambiguous gender/sex label ("girl" or "boy"). Finally, the two studies showed mixed findings on whether the participant groups differed in reasoning about the stability of a gender‐nonconforming target's gender identity. These findings illustrate that a child's identity can relate to their conceptual development, as well as the importance of diversifying samples to enhance our understanding of social cognitive development.

First-year computer science (CS1) university students traditionally have difficulties understanding how to program. This paper describes research introducing CS1 students to programming concepts using a Scratch programming language guided visual execution environment (VEE). The concepts addressed are those from an introductory programming course (sequences, variables, operators, conditionals, loops, and events and parallelism). The VEE guides novice students through programming concepts, explaining and guiding interactive exercises executed in Scratch by using metaphors and serious games. The objective of this study is, firstly, to investigate if a cohort of 124 CS1 students, from three distinct groups, studying at the same university, are able to improve their programming skills guided by the VEE. Secondly, is the improvement different for various programming concepts? All the CS1 students were taught the module by the same tutor in four 2-h sessions (8 h), and a qualitative research approach was adopted. The results show students significantly improved their programming knowledge, and this improvement is significant for all the programming concepts, although greater for certain concepts such as operators, conditionals, and loops than others. It also shows that students lacked initial knowledge of events and parallelism, though most had used Scratch during their high school years. The sequence concept was the most popular concept known to them. A collateral finding in this study is how the students' previous knowledge and learning gaps affected grades they required to access and begin study at the university level. ; This research was funded by in part by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under Grant TIN2015-66731-C2-1-R, in part by the Rey Juan Carlos University under Grant 30VCPIGI15, in part by the Madrid Regional Government, through the project e-Madrid-CM, under Grant P2018/TCS-4307, and in part by the Structural Funds (FSE and FEDER). ; peer-reviewed

Funding: This work was funded in part by the Research, Technological Development and Innovation Programs of the Spanish Ministry Economy and Competitiveness, under grant MINECO-17-ENE2016-80047-R, by the Government of Asturias under project IDI/2018/000188 and FEDER funds and by the University of Oviedo under grant PAPI 2018-PF-12.

Stress in phonation is mainly shown in the signature of the fundamental frequency. The proposed methodology is based on the estimation of the vocal fold biomechanics in terms of the distribution of the dynamic mass and the mechanical tension of the vocal fold structure. These parameters are derived from the reconstruction of the glottal source by inverse filtering. The vocal fold mechanical tension correlates (stress and strain), are used as the bases for tremor estimation. The correlates of tension and tremor are used to characterize the spontaneous speech of a database of 40 speakers of both genders (20 male and 20 female). Spontaneous speech consists in short interviews of 20 s of duration where the speakers have to express opinions on hot issues with which they are in agreement (pro) or in disagreement (con) following Arciuli's methodology. The emotional stress is estimated from the biomechanical correlates expressed above (tension and tremor). The null hypothesis formulated as the insensitivity of the speaker to pro and con situations has to be disregarded in view of the results for both genders. Interesting open questions are to be raised regarding the possibility of speakers consciously hiding their true opinion based on political correctness. The discussion will offer different hypotheses to further exploit the objective of detecting self-congruence in spoken messages.

The white stork Ciconia ciconia is one of the most emblematic birds in rural habitats of Europe. Its populations showed a drastic decline during the 20th century, followed by a rapid recovery in the last decades. The population increase has led to a relaxation in the specie's monitoring effort, the last Spanish national official census having been conducted more than 15 years ago. In order to update this knowledge, this study shows the results of a breeding population census conducted in Navarre during the spring of 2018, describing the preferences in nest location, and comparing the current breeding population size with that described in the literature published since 1960. Our results show a breeding population of 739 pairs, which is the highest value ever recorded. However, this increase in the number of pairs has not been associated with a significant expansion of the specie's distribution area, which is still limited to the southern half of Navarre. The only relevant colonisation would be the 5 pairs established in the Pamplona district. Most pairs (86.3%) nested in colonies, with an average size of 9.2 nests. Most of the nests were located in trees (49.0%), followed by buildings (28.8%), cut trees (10.0%), pylons (6.9%) and other types of structures (antennas, chimneys, artificial nests, cranes..., 5.3%). A comparison of the current situation with previous censuses shows that there has been an annual population growth rate of 6.6%, with an important change in nesting habits, both in the percentage of pairs that nest in colonies and in the substrate selected to build the nest. The possible causes that could explain these changes and the conservation implications for the species are discussed.